When the James Webb Space Telescope began photographing galaxies from the universe’s earliest chapters, astronomers ran into a problem. There were more very bright galaxies than their models predicted, and some looked far too massive for such a young cosmos. Part of that puzzle has since faded. Some of those objects turned out to be […]

Cuando el telescopio espacial James Webb empezó a fotografiar galaxias de una época en la que el universo era apenas un niño, los astrónomos se encontraron con un problema. Había más galaxias muy brillantes de las que preveían los modelos, y algunos candidatos parecían demasiado masivos para una edad tan temprana. Con el tiempo, parte […]

Los quarks, los componentes más pequeños conocidos de la materia, nunca se ven solos. Son alrededor de mil millones de veces más pequeños que un átomo y solo existen encerrados en partículas mayores como los protones y los neutrones, de modo que nadie ha podido observarlos de forma directa. Esa imposibilidad de aislarlos tiene un […]

Quarks, the smallest known building blocks of matter, are never seen alone. They are roughly a billion times smaller than an atom and exist only locked inside larger particles such as protons and neutrons — no one has ever observed one in isolation. That impossibility has a name, confinement, and a strange consequence: try to […]

Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, have managed to reproduce in the laboratory the state of matter that filled the cosmos during its first millionth of a second after the Big Bang, using collisions between atomic nuclei much lighter than what was previously thought possible. This breakthrough, which the scientists […]