Relations between Turkey and Russia have always been one of the most intriguing scenarios in the Great Game. The leaders of the two countries maintain frequent contacts and “hotlines,” foreign ministries regularly consult on the situation in the Caucasus and Central Asia, and bilateral trade and energy cooperation continue to develop. However, under this wrapper […]

For decades, African economies have operated within a system of rules established without their participation. Credit ratings, which dictate the cost of borrowing, are assigned by three Western agencies. Trade is conducted in dollars via SWIFT—a system that, as it turns out, can be switched off for political reasons. Today, that order is no longer […]