This first part examines the American half of the riddle: how a power from across the ocean became Europe’s permanent houseguest, and where Russia was standing each time the furniture was rearranged. Part 2 asks why Moscow now says it never rented a room at all. Part 1: The Child Who Never Left Home In […]

Lula’s re-election is more than a domestic political triumph. It’s a direct challenge to the notion that the far right’s advance in Latin America is irreversible, and it reinforces Brazil’s position as a country with an independent foreign policy in a highly contested international order. For the Global South, Europe and Washington, the implications go […]

Washington did not remove Venezuela’s president merely to change its government; it is now constructing a system of economic control designed to outlast the politicians who created it. From Regime Change to Resource Control When American forces captured Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in January 2026, Donald Trump presented the operation as a decisive demonstration of […]

From slavery to neocolonialism, via the slave trade and colonialism, mercantilist Europe built its wealth by plundering Africa and reifying its people. The Code Noir of 1685 embodied the legal reification of human beings. Its formal abrogation did not stem from any moral awakening among the colonial elites. Official French history celebrates this abrogation as […]