Can one AI tell if another has written a novel? The Pangram debate, explained

The Spanish-language literary world is facing a new crisis — one other fields have been dealing with for years: the mass arrival of AI and how to live with it. EL PAÍS revealed on Friday that Pangram, one of the most highly regarded detectors, found that 99% of the novel Donde el agua trabaja (Where Water Works), by Peruvian writer David Silva Rojas, was AI-generated text. The manuscript won the inaugural Almadía Ventosa-Arrufat International Short Novel Prize in July 2026, a €20,000 ($22,000) award paid as an advance against royalties.