Digital models modified Flávio Bolsonaro’s event photography to artificially expand audiences and simulate support from female voters.

The Brazilian presidential election has become an arena for modern, dirty digital tactics. Senator Flávio Bolsonaro, representing the Liberal Party (PL), has centered his campaign strategy around coordinated digital reach and automated content production.

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Rather than working as a traditional political campaign of physical rallies, the operation relies heavily on digital distribution infrastructure across social media platforms.

Flávio’s strategy operates through two main mechanisms. First, the campaign uses synthetic consensus tools, automated social media accounts, AI image generation, and digital avatars to simulate organic public backing.

Second, the campaign benefits from algorithmic distribution asymmetries on digital platforms, which amplify far-right material while placing system restrictions on competing political content.

Collected evidence by independent researchers, journalism networks, and electoral authorities indicates that systemic digital manipulation and platform-level infrastructure played a decisive role in shaping voter perception and electoral engagement in Brazil.

Industrial Bot Networks

A core component of Flávio Bolsonaro’s digital strategy involves the commercial purchase of automated networks designed to manufacture artificial public support.

An investigation by The Intercept Brazil revealed that Flávio Bolsonaro paid Elytron, a cybersecurity firm, to carry out data collection and voter identification to spread rumors and create fake accounts.

These automated tools operate primarily across WhatsApp, Instagram, and X, generating synchronized posts and artificial engagement to bypass standard organic distribution patterns.

This infrastructure uses astroturfing techniques to alter online public discourse. By deploying thousands of automated accounts programmed to post identical messaging scripts, the campaign artificially inflates engagement metrics, pushes specific political hashtags into regional trending lists, and floods comment sections on public news pages.

This creates a false impression of widespread popular momentum, designed to sway undecided voters through perceived consensus.

Technical evaluations submitted during electoral court proceedings reveal the scope of these automated operations. Data presented to electoral monitors shows coordinated account clusters posting at frequencies humanly impossible without software automation.

Deepfakes, AI Avatars, Demographic Manipulation

Various social organizations and media outlets have denounced the deployment of AI image and video generation tools as another facet of Flávio Bolsonaro’s digital strategy.

A prominent example occurred during campaign launch events, where the campaign broadcast an AI-generated digital avatar of former president Jair Bolsonaro endorsing his son’s candidacy. This technique allowed the campaign to maintain the political presence of the former president Bolsonaro in public events despite judicial rulings restricting his direct participation in political activities.

In addition, the campaign used AI tools to manipulate visual documentation of campaign gatherings. Documented instances show event photography processed through image generation models to alter crowd compositions.

These AI modifications included scaling up crowd sizes to exaggerate physical attendance and digitally swapping male attendees with female faces. The primary objective of this demographic engineering was to simulate broader support among female voters, a demographic group where polling data consistently showed lower support for the candidate.

An investigation by a Brazilian media outlet identified more than 50 TikTok videos altered using AI, specifically on-the-street interviews in which subjects claimed they would vote for Flávio Bolsonaro. These videos garnered over 7 million views, yet in only 18% of them did the platform indicate that the individuals featured were AI-generated.

While Brazilian law prohibits the use of AI-generated videos in political campaigns, it is difficult to determine when such content is created by third parties with no direct affiliation to the campaigns.

Disinformation and Aggressive Public Discourse

Flávio Bolsonaro’s public communications strategy relies heavily on coordinated attack campaigns directed against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and the Workers’ Party (PT).

The Flávio campaign’s public messaging routinely utilizes sensationalist allegations and targeted attacks. Online networks affiliated with the campaign circulate manufactured claims regarding public safety, economic stability, and social values, framing the current administration in terms of moral crisis.

On Sunday the 18th, the public debate between the two candidates took place, and Flávio Bolsonaro spent most of his time attacking Lula during his turns to speak.

Throughout the debate, Flávio was sarcastic and mocking toward President Lula; he attempted to intimidate him physically, to which Lula responded by moving away, stating that he did not want to be near either Flávio or the Bolsonaro family.

Furthermore, when the discussion turned to public safety, Flávio claimed that Lula is the preferred candidate of organized crime, pointing out that Lula received a large number of votes from within the country’s prisons. Lula replied, “I want 100% of them to vote for me -even your father,” a reference to the fact that Jair Bolsonaro is currently incarcerated.

This aggressive messaging strategy directly impacts the broader political environment. By flooding public discourse with inflammatory claims, the campaign creates heightened polarization, distracts from substantive legislative evaluations, and systematically delegitimizes established democratic processes and electoral monitoring bodies.

Meta’s Structural Bias in the Campaign

The Brazilian presidential race was shaped by asymmetries within Meta’s platforms, including Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook.

Filings submitted to the Superior Electoral Court (TSE, in Spanish) by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s legal team documented clear disparities in how content from both campaigns was handled by the different platforms.

A primary issue involved Meta’s generative AI features. When users requested campaign materials incorporating Lula’s official ballot number, 13, the system repeatedly rejected the prompts, citing political content restrictions. Conversely, identical requests containing Flávio Bolsonaro’s candidate number, 22, were routinely processed, generating promotional material for the far-right campaign.

In other instances, the AI tool inserted Bolsonaro’s electoral number into completely unrelated image requests. Following formal complaints, the Superior Electoral Court ordered Meta to ensure equal treatment. Meta attributed these outcomes to technical errors and implemented broad restrictions on political image generation.

Internal Meta communications revealed that technical errors caused Lula’s official Instagram profile to be excluded from platform search results and recommendation engines, while Flávio Bolsonaro’s profile remained fully discoverable and actively recommended to users. Furthermore, internal technical escalations confirmed that temporary account restrictions had hindered the reach of Lula’s messaging assets.

Regulatory Imperatives and Popular Sovereignty

The execution of Flávio Bolsonaro’s digital presidential campaign illustrates the evolving mechanics of far-right electoral operations.

By combining commercial bot procurement, generative AI deepfakes, coordinated public attacks, and platform-level algorithmic advantages, the campaign constructed a heavily synthetic media environment designed to influence voter perception.

These developments underscore the limitations of existing legal and regulatory frameworks in addressing digital campaign manipulation. While judicial interventions by the Superior Electoral Court forced technical corrections, reactive oversight remains insufficient to counteract real-time automated suppression and algorithmic imbalance.

Protecting democratic processes requires structural regulatory reform, including mandatory algorithmic transparency, strict auditing of generative AI systems, and clear accountability standards for global technology corporations operating within national borders.

Exposing the mechanics of digital manipulation through independent research and data-driven journalism remains essential to safeguarding electoral integrity against automated distortion and platform bias.

Sources: Brasil de Fato – Agência Brasil – Gov.br – O Globo – Folha de S.Paulo – O Estado de S.Paulo – El País – CNN Brasil – EFE – Instituto Tricontinental – La Base América Latina – Diario Red – The Intercept – El Salto

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EU ministers have discussed how to make labour standards compatible with modern technological conditions and workplace culture, such as telework and AI-led staff oversight, without losing competitiveness.

The law in question, called the Quality Jobs Act, covers a wide range of work protection measures, such as common standards for being able to ‘go home’ and disconnect from remote work, and limits to AI role in recruitment or its scrutiny of workers’ performance.

Technological innovation should “benefit both workers and businesses,” said Portuguese labour minister Maria do Rosário Palma Ramalho, addressing the ministers’ council on Monday (19 October) in Luxembourg.

Human oversight is essential, especially where AI systems decide on recruitment or workers’ assessment, she said.

Next to innovation, labour rules needed to ensure “fair and transparent practices, respect for human workers’ rights … and effective social dialog,” said Roxana Mînzatu, the EU commissioner for employment.

“This revolutionary technology has to be regulated” so that it “delivers for all,” Isabelle Schömann, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) deputy general secretary had also said during a conference organised by the centre-left S&D group in the European Parliament on 14 October, commenting on the need for the Quality Jobs Act to curb AI.

The draft Quality Jobs Act that the European Commission plans to present in December aims to update the long out of date 1989 and 1990 health and safety workplace rules.

It would also protect subcontractors and create standards for working in heatwaves, becoming more frequent with climate change.

EU legislators need to ensure minimum standards so that “neither jobs nor businesses are jeopardised” with extreme weather, Yolanda Díaz Pérez, the Spanish labour minister, said ahead of Monday’s debate.

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No âmbito do XIX Festival Internacional de Órgão do Algarve, a Igreja Matriz de Lagoa recebe, no dia 1 de novembro, pelas 18h00, o Concerto com Ricardo Toste (órgão) e Rebeca Csalog (Harpista) e a entrada é livre.

Natural da Ilha Terceira, nos Açores, Ricardo Toste iniciou os estudos de órgão em 2001 e desenvolveu a sua formação na Universidade de Aveiro, onde concluiu a Licenciatura em Música e dois mestrados, em Teoria e Formação Musical e em Órgão de Tubos. Tem realizado concertos a solo em Portugal continental e nos Açores, afirmando-se como intérprete e pedagogo. Atualmente, leciona Formação Musical e Órgão em várias instituições de ensino artístico e exerce as funções de organista titular da Catedral de Aveiro, mantendo uma ativa ligação à música litúrgica e à formação de jovens músicos.

Rebeca Csalog, harpista luso-húngara nascida em Lisboa, cresceu num ambiente familiar ligado à música, iniciando-se no violino e mais tarde na harpa. Após concluir os estudos musicais, licenciou-se em Antropologia e obteve um mestrado em Migrações, Inter-Etnicidades e Transnacionalismo. Regressou à música em 2020, realizando um Mestrado em Harpa na ESML e uma pós-graduação em Milão. Atualmente, atua como harpista com algumas das principais orquestras portuguesas, bem como em projetos a solo e de música de câmara, explorando repertórios para além da tradição clássica.

Integrado no XIX Festival Internacional de Órgão do Algarve, organizado pela Associação Música XXI. Entrada livre, limitada à lotação; qualquer donativo será bem-vindo para apoiar as instituições que acolhem o festival.

Uno stress test per il settore finanziario. È quello che il G7 pensa di fare per verificare la pericolosità dell’intelligenza artificiale. A Bangkok, dove sono riuniti i ministri delle Finanze e i governatori delle banche centrali, è emersa la volontà di mettete a punto esercitazioni “teoriche” per capire fino a che punto possono stare tranquilli di fronte alle minacce rappresentate dagli agenti di AI di frontiera. L’obiettivo è studiare la risposta più efficace per difendersi.

A scriverlo è il Financial Times, secondo cui l’esercitazione potrebbe coinvolgere le banche. Come sottolinea il ministro delle Finanze olandese, “stiamo tutti fissando la stessa scatola nera. Vediamo i rischi, ma come affrontarli?”, si chiede Eelco Heinen. “Se pochi Paesi possiedono la tecnologia, ma il mondo interno può esserne vittima, la cooperazione internazionale è fondamentale. È proprio qui che risiede la preoccupazione”. L’idea arriva d’altronde in un momento topico. L’AI viene continuamente descritta come uno strumento rivoluzionario, ma a due facce. Quella negativa potrebbe comportare delle conseguenze ancora poco quantificabili, ma sicuramente drammatiche. Una di queste è che gli agenti di AI possano autonomamente impossessarsi di altri sistemi, sdoppiandosi ed infiltrandosi. Ad esempio, in una banca.

Lo afferma anche il Fondo Monetario Internazionale in un suo rapporto, in cui si legge che “gravi incidenti informatici potrebbero minare la fiducia del mercato e interrompere le infrastrutture e le operazioni critiche dei mercati finanziari”.

Se e quando i test partiranno, si potrà capire meglio a che livello sono le difese. Nel tempo si sono prese delle precauzioni e ci sono dei manuali di risposta già stilati. Ma il pericolo è cambiato, si presenta sotto forme diverse. Per cui bisogna vedere se il sistema architettato possa reggere all’urto. “La situazione può diventare davvero molto difficile”, ammette Caio Ferreia, vice presidente del reparto global markets analysis dell’Fmi. Non è solo una questione operativa. “La perdita di fiducia potrebbe di per sé rappresentare un evento sistemico”.

Resta da capire quando e come si svolgeranno le esercitazioni. Sicuramente il messaggio che invia il G7 è chiaro: con l’AI tutti devono fare i conti, perché nessuno ne è immune. C’è però un dettaglio, neanche troppo piccolo, sottolineato anche dal ministro dell’Economia italiano Giancarlo Giorgetti. I grandi assenti al tavolo di Bangkok erano gli americani. “Il punto di partenza, sinceramente va detto, è che qui non è venuto Scott Bessent“, dice riferendosi al segretario del Tesoro. Al suo posto c’era un sottosegretario. “Evidentemente questo mette in una luce diversa sia le riunioni del G20 sia del G7, sia in qualche modo l’Fmi. Una situazione di grande incertezza, instabilità geopolitica con conseguenze economiche e finanziarie evidenti, con gli Stati Uniti un po’ protagonisti di tutto, che qua sono presenti in tono minore”. In sintesi, conclude Giorgetti, ci troviamo in “un mondo in cerca di equilibrio in cui gli Usa giocano una partita d’isolamento”.

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