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‘You are a humanitarian also, sir’: the US feeds Putin with lies as Ukraine’s children take cover and die | Andrew Roth

21 October 2026 at 18:57

Steve Witkoff’s flattery of the Russian leader could be just the start of a mendacious stratagem from a US president who says Moscow ‘has been fine on Ukraine’

They say the first casualty of war is truth. For the Trump administration, the road to peace with Russia now encompasses some extraordinary lies.

Steve Witkoff delivered one as he sat down with Vladimir Putin in St Petersburg on Wednesday, aiming to close the deal on Russia’s land grab in Ukraine with the White House’s strategy of maximum pressure on Kyiv and saccharine flattery of the Kremlin.

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© Photograph: Pete Kiehart/The Guardian

© Photograph: Pete Kiehart/The Guardian

© Photograph: Pete Kiehart/The Guardian

​Europe stands by Ukraine – but how long can that last?

As US support ebbs away, looming European elections and growing financial strains across the continent could fracture the precious coalition that has kept Ukraine afloat

Europe woke up last Friday to another belligerent outburst from Donald Trump – this time berating Ukraine’s wartime leader Volodymyr Zelenskyy again. Just a few days after his diesel deal with the Kremlin, the US president said Zelenskyy was more difficult to deal with than Vladimir Putin and blamed Ukraine’s leader for rocketing oil prices – without any reference to the impact of his own war on Iran.

The contrast in Europe was obvious. When Zelenskyy walked into the multi-coloured summit room of the European Council headquarters in Brussels that Friday morning, the EU’s 27 leaders burst into applause, getting to their feet to offer big hugs and brisk handshakes. European Council president António Costa told Zelenskyy and the media: “This is no time to withdraw the support to Ukraine,” calling instead for increased pressure on Russia. Zelenskyy was thankful, pointedly saying he was happy to have “huge support” from “real leaders”.

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© Photograph: Nicolas Tucat/AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: Nicolas Tucat/AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: Nicolas Tucat/AFP/Getty Images

Putin agrees to resume trilateral Russia-Ukraine-U.S. talks next month

21 October 2026 at 14:56
The Russian leader has agreed "in principle" to resume the talks after Nov. 10, Putin's foreign affairs adviser Yuri Ushakov told reporters following a meeting in St. Petersburg between Putin and U.S. President Donald Trump's envoy Steve Witkoff.

Putin orders release of jailed American as he meets Trump envoy for Ukraine talks

22 October 2026 at 02:16

Russia frees Stephen Hubbard after US request while Steve Witkoff praises Putin, wanted by ICC as war criminal, as a ‘humanitarian’

Vladimir Putin ordered the release of an American man from a Russian jail as he met Donald Trump’s envoy Steve Witkoff in St Petersburg on Wednesday for fresh talks on ending the war in Ukraine, amid increasingly close relations between Moscow and Washington.

Trump had previously asked Putin to free Stephen Hubbard, a 74-year-old former teacher who had spent more than four years in Russian jails on charges of fighting as a mercenary for Ukraine.

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© Photograph: Gavriil Grigorov/Reuters

© Photograph: Gavriil Grigorov/Reuters

© Photograph: Gavriil Grigorov/Reuters

Russia Releases 74-Year-Old American Prisoner as Witkoff Meets Putin in St Petersburg

21 October 2026 at 11:38

Moscow has released retired American teacher Stephen Hubbard after more than four years in detention, following President Donald Trump’s personal intervention with Vladimir Putin and amid renewed US-Russian negotiations over Ukraine.

Russia has released Stephen Hubbard, a 74-year-old American citizen imprisoned since 2022, as US special envoy Steve Witkoff holds talks with President Vladimir Putin in St Petersburg on Wednesday, 21 October.

Putin announced the release during his meeting with Witkoff, saying Hubbard had already been transferred to Pulkovo Airport in St Petersburg in preparation for his return to the United States. Witkoff thanked the Russian president for securing the American’s freedom.

The development follows direct intervention by President Donald Trump, who confirmed on Tuesday that he had personally raised Hubbard’s detention with Putin and requested his release.

Hubbard, a retired English teacher from Michigan, had spent decades living abroad before moving to Izium, in Ukraine’s Kharkiv region, in 2014. Russian forces detained him in April 2022, during their occupation of the city following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

In October 2024, a Moscow court sentenced him to six years and ten months in prison after finding him guilty of serving as a mercenary for Ukrainian forces.

Russian prosecutors alleged that Hubbard had joined a Ukrainian military unit and received approximately $1,000 a month for his activities, including guarding military checkpoints.

His family rejected the accusations. His sister, Patricia Hubbard Fox, maintained that he had never participated in military operations, while his American lawyer, Martin De Luca, said the charges were fabricated.

The US State Department subsequently designated Hubbard as wrongfully detained, making his release a priority in Washington’s negotiations with Moscow.

Release coincides with renewed Ukraine diplomacy

Hubbard’s release comes during another round of intensive diplomatic contacts involving Washington, Kyiv and Moscow.

Witkoff arrived in St Petersburg following talks in Oslo on Tuesday with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Finnish President Alexander Stubb. Jared Kushner, another representative of Trump’s administration, participated remotely.

The discussions addressed security arrangements, energy and economic questions connected with Russia’s war against Ukraine.

Witkoff travelled directly from Norway to Russia, where he was received by Kremlin representative Kirill Dmitriev before his meeting with Putin.

The release provides a concrete outcome from the latest US-Russian contacts, although no indication has emerged that it forms part of a broader agreement concerning Ukraine.

It also follows several previous cases in which American citizens detained in Russia have been released through negotiations between Washington and Moscow.

In August, former US Marine Robert Gilman was released on humanitarian grounds amid serious concerns about his deteriorating health.

Hubbard was the only American prisoner in Russian custody officially classified by Washington as wrongfully detained at the time of his release.

Neither side has announced whether Moscow received any concessions in exchange for his freedom, while the outcome of Witkoff’s wider negotiations with Putin remains unclear.

A Trump-Putin-Xi summit would put Xi at the apex

21 October 2026 at 09:40

In July 1971, Henry Kissinger developed a convenient stomachache in Pakistan, vanished from public view and turned up in Beijing. The secret trip that led to Nixon’s opening to China rested on a simple piece of geometry: in a world of three great powers, the smart move is to stand closer to each of your […]

The post A Trump-Putin-Xi summit would put Xi at the apex appeared first on Asia Times.

Thousands march in Greece over public education failures as Macron blasts ‘stupid’ commentary on French protests – as it happened

21 October 2026 at 16:23

Students, teachers and civil servants have shown up in Athens, with demonstrations also in Thessaloniki and other cities

Meanwhile, back to Witkoff’s meeting with Putin in St Petersburg, the US president, Donald Trump, has just welcomed the release of Stephen Hubbard, a US citizen held by Moscow on allegations of fighting as a mercenary for Ukraine (11:24).

In a post on Truth Social, he said:

“Stephen Hubbard, taken four years ago by Russia during the Biden Administration, was just released from prison, at the request of President Donald J. Trump, made directly to President Vladimir Putin in a telephone conversation last week.

Stephen is on his way back home and will soon be with his family. The United States, out of respect for President Trump, was not required to give anything in return - an unprecedented situation for Russia. There was no “swap” necessary for this release.

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© Photograph: Costas Baltas/Anadolu/Getty Images

© Photograph: Costas Baltas/Anadolu/Getty Images

© Photograph: Costas Baltas/Anadolu/Getty Images

Ukraine war briefing: US envoy Witkoff to meet Putin after ‘constructive’ talks with Zelenskyy in Norway

Talks in Oslo made ‘meaningful progress’ toward engaging Russia, a US official said. What we know on day 1,701

US envoy Steve Witkoff will meet Russian president Vladimir Putin on Wednesday after what a US official called “constructive” talks with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Norway. The US official said Ukraine brought forward new ideas and proposals to the Oslo talks, which also involved the leaders of Norway and Finland ⁠and European and Nato representatives, and that participants made “meaningful ⁠progress” toward a coordinated approach to engaging Russia.

The official, who ​spoke to Reuters on the condition of anonymity, said the talks covered “key elements of a comprehensive peace framework”, including security guarantees for Ukraine, a postwar economic plan and a broader European security architecture. Witkoff would aim to “create a pathway toward direct trilateral and broader multilateral negotiations”, the official said. US president Donald ⁠Trump on Tuesday ⁠called ​on Ukraine to make a deal ⁠to settle the war with Russia. “Ukraine has to ⁠want to settle this ​war,” Trump ‌told reporters.

Zelenskyy travelled to Oslo seeking to repair relations with Washington, which have sunk to new lows. Trump’s recent gestures toward Moscow, including a deal to buy Russian diesel and a waiver of new sanctions, have sparked bipartisan pushback in the US Congress and worry in European capitals. Zelenskyy said he had ​discussed “Article 5-like” security guarantees, referring to the Nato stipulation that an attack on one ally is an attack on all. “I am ‌thankful to the American side that they underlined again that it will ‌be strong,” he said.

Elon Musk last week ordered the slowdown of a military-grade ⁠version of SpaceX’s Starlink satellite service that Ukraine relies on, the Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday, citing US ⁠officials and people familiar ⁠with the ​matter. Musk, SpaceX and the White House did not immediately respond to Reuters requests for comment. Ukraine uses the service – known as Starshield – for battlefield communications and drone operations. Restricting the satellite service hampered the country’s attack and air ⁠defence drone missions against Russia.

US defence secretary Pete Hegseth meanwhile insisted Tuesday that the Pentagon had not directed any changes to Starshield, saying: “We haven’t pulled anything back.” “Nothing’s changed from our view. We haven’t made any directives or anything like that,” he said. On Friday, Trump said he did not request any curbs to Starshield. “It wasn’t me. And I don’t think it was Elon,” Trump said. Musk previously said that “any limits on speed or usage” of Starshield systems were “decided by the US military and ultimately POTUS.”

Nato said Tuesday it was deploying additional planes, drones and radar systems to the Black Sea after a string of attacks on ships near Romania and Bulgaria in the latest spillover from Russia’s war on Ukraine. “Allies have or will send additional maritime patrol aircraft, radar systems, explosive exploitation teams, intelligence personnel, drones, and more to the Black Sea,” said Col Martin O’Donnell, a Nato spokesperson. “The most important thing we can do, however, is to increase our situational awareness in the region through increased sensors and data sharing,” he added.

The ⁠Russian military ⁠struck ​three cargo vessels in Ukraine’s ⁠port of Reni and two ⁠other cargo vessels en ​route ‌to ‌Odesa, Russia’s defence ‌ministry said on Tuesday. Russian forces also hit two logistics hubs in ‌the Volyn region and in the ​city of Khmelnitskiy, it said, adding that ⁠the vessels and hubs ​were ​all being ​used for ​military ‌purposes. Russia also unleashed another missile and drone blitz of civilian areas in Ukraine on Tuesday, killing at least nine people, officials said.

The Kremlin said Tuesday that work was under way to ease ⁠the humanitarian ⁠situation ​in the Russian-controlled town of Oleshky in southern ⁠where residents have reported a worsening food crisis. Kremlin spokesperson ⁠Dmitry Peskov said ‌Putin had ‌discussed the situation in Oleshky with Trump and told him that Russia’s human rights commissioner was engaged on the issue.

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© Photograph: Heiko Junge/Reuters

© Photograph: Heiko Junge/Reuters

© Photograph: Heiko Junge/Reuters

Zelenskyy seeks to mend ties with Trump ahead of Witkoff-Putin meeting

20 October 2026 at 23:55
Ukrainian President Zelenskyy met with U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff and European officials in Norway in a bid to avoid a further diplomatic rupture with President Trump. Over the past week, Trump has criticized Zelenskyy over Ukraine's efforts to inflict heavy losses on Russia. The meeting was aimed at easing tensions ahead of Witkoff's meeting with Vladimir Putin in Russia. Nick Schifrin reports.

Tightening sanctions on Russia is 'the way to end this war,' says David Kramer

20 October 2026 at 23:50
To discuss the tensions between President Trump and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, Geoff Bennett spoke with David Kramer. He held a number of senior positions at the State Department during the George W. Bush administration. He's now the executive director of the George W. Bush Institute in Dallas, Texas.

Trump Presses Ukraine Towards a Settlement Putin May Have No Intention of Accepting

20 October 2026 at 22:55

Talks in Oslo have restored diplomatic contact between Kyiv and Washington, but Donald Trump continues to demand concessions from Ukraine while Moscow shows little willingness to compromise. Steve Witkoff’s forthcoming meeting with Russian officials will expose the limits of the American peace initiative.

The latest negotiations over Russia’s war against Ukraine have produced a renewed diplomatic initiative, with US presidential envoy Steve Witkoff preparing to travel to St Petersburg on Wednesday, 21 October, following consultations with Ukrainian and European leaders in Oslo.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy met Witkoff alongside Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Finnish President Alexander Stubb on Tuesday. Jared Kushner, Donald Trump’s son-in-law, participated remotely. The discussions covered territorial questions, security guarantees, sanctions and proposals for a partial ceasefire.

The meeting concluded with cautious expressions of optimism. Stubb suggested that the negotiating process was back on track, while Støre confirmed that Witkoff would present proposals developed by American, Ukrainian and European representatives to the Russian leadership.

However, the diplomatic improvement contrasts with Trump’s renewed public pressure on Zelenskyy, raising questions about Washington’s negotiating strategy and whether Moscow has any intention of accepting the proposed settlement.

Washington’s contradictory signals

Speaking in the Oval Office on Tuesday, Trump again insisted that Ukraine must reach an agreement with Russia, portraying Moscow’s military position as increasingly advantageous.

His remarks closely resembled arguments advanced during earlier disputes with Zelenskyy, when Washington pressed Kyiv to accept territorial concessions rather than increase pressure on the Kremlin.

Meanwhile, Secretary of State Marco Rubio sought to reassure the Ukrainian leadership that American military cooperation had not been deliberately restricted.

Rubio denied that Trump had ordered changes to intelligence-sharing or weapons assistance. Zelenskyy subsequently confirmed that Ukraine was again receiving American early-warning intelligence concerning Russian ballistic missile attacks.

Nevertheless, serious problems remain. Ukraine has reported delays in deliveries of American-made Patriot interceptors purchased by European allies, while restrictions affecting the military Starshield satellite communications system have not been fully resolved.

These difficulties are particularly serious as Russia intensifies attacks against Ukrainian electricity infrastructure, attempting to undermine civilian services ahead of winter.

The conflicting signals leave Kyiv negotiating with an administration whose diplomatic representatives promise continued cooperation while its president publicly demands Ukrainian concessions.

Security guarantees without NATO membership

Among the proposals discussed in Oslo were security arrangements intended to provide Ukraine with protection comparable to NATO’s Article 5 collective-defence provision.

Zelenskyy acknowledged that American representatives had discussed such guarantees, although their precise obligations and enforcement mechanisms remain undisclosed.

The proposal presents a fundamental negotiating problem.

Russia has consistently opposed Ukrainian NATO membership, partly because the alliance’s collective-defence commitments would increase the consequences of any renewed Russian aggression.

An alternative arrangement offering genuinely comparable protection would consequently encounter many of the same Russian objections.

Conversely, guarantees lacking a credible enforcement mechanism would leave Ukraine exposed to another attack after a ceasefire.

Moscow’s record provides little reassurance. Russia violated Ukraine’s internationally recognised borders in 2014 and launched its full-scale invasion in 2022 despite previous commitments to respect Ukrainian sovereignty.

The Kremlin’s objectives extend beyond territory

Washington’s approach appears increasingly concentrated on securing an agreement involving territorial concessions and restrictions on Ukraine’s future security arrangements.

Yet Putin’s objectives have consistently extended beyond the territories occupied by Russian forces.

The Kremlin has demanded constraints on Ukraine’s military capabilities, international alliances and strategic independence. Accepting territorial gains alone would not necessarily satisfy Moscow’s wider political ambitions.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has maintained that Moscow is unwilling to make substantial political concessions, while the Kremlin continues to insist that any agreement must address what it describes as the underlying causes of the conflict.

Those conditions have previously included demands that would substantially restrict Ukraine’s sovereignty.

Consequently, even a Ukrainian willingness to consider elements of Washington’s proposals would not guarantee Russian acceptance.

The political calculation behind an energy ceasefire

One possibility under consideration is a limited ceasefire protecting energy and potentially food-related infrastructure.

Zelenskyy has indicated that Ukraine could suspend attacks against Russian energy facilities if Moscow stopped striking Ukrainian infrastructure.

Such an arrangement could reduce immediate civilian suffering. It would also have military and economic consequences.

Ukrainian attacks against Russian refineries, oil terminals and other energy installations have increasingly targeted infrastructure supporting Moscow’s war economy.

A temporary suspension could allow Russia to repair damaged facilities, restore production and stabilise export revenues. Without credible monitoring and enforcement, Moscow could exploit a limited agreement while leaving the wider conflict unresolved.

Trump has additional reasons to seek a rapid diplomatic result. With American congressional elections scheduled for 3 November, his administration is attempting to contain domestic fuel prices and demonstrate progress towards ending the war.

His recent decision to ease restrictions on Russian diesel exports has already provoked concern in Kyiv and European capitals over the potential financial benefits to Moscow.

The danger for Ukraine is that an agreement presented as a diplomatic achievement in Washington could provide Russia with economic relief without altering its military objectives.

The decision awaiting Washington

Witkoff’s visit to St Petersburg will establish whether Moscow is prepared to engage with the proposals developed in Oslo.

Putin could accept a temporary arrangement, particularly one suspending Ukrainian strikes on Russian energy infrastructure, while postponing discussions over territorial and political questions.

Alternatively, Moscow could reject the initiative and maintain its existing demands.

In either case, Washington will face a decision over the consequences of Russian intransigence.

For Kyiv, continued engagement with the United States remains essential because American intelligence, satellite communications and advanced air-defence weapons cannot readily be replaced.

But the prospects for a negotiated settlement will depend less on further Ukrainian concessions than on whether Russia faces sufficient political, military and economic pressure to abandon its maximalist demands.

The Oslo negotiations have restored cooperation between Ukraine, Europe and American mediators. They have not established that Putin is prepared to end the war on terms compatible with Ukraine’s continued independence.

Russia Sells 62 Tonnes of Gold in Biggest Reserve Drawdown Since 1998

20 October 2026 at 22:31

Russia’s central bank has reduced its gold holdings to their lowest level in nearly seven years as the Kremlin faces a widening budget deficit, declining energy revenues and mounting expenditure on its war against Ukraine.

Russia has carried out its largest sustained reduction in gold reserves since the financial crisis of 1998, disposing of approximately 62 tonnes of the precious metal since December 2025 as the government draws on accumulated reserves to finance a growing federal budget deficit.

According to figures released by the Bank of Russia on Tuesday, 20 October, the country’s monetary gold reserves declined by another 200,000 troy ounces, equivalent to approximately 6.2 tonnes, during September.

The latest reduction brings Russia’s official gold holdings to 72.8 million troy ounces, or approximately 2,264 tonnes, their lowest level since the end of 2019.

The central bank has now reduced its gold holdings for ten consecutive months, reversing the accumulation strategy pursued by Moscow in the years preceding its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

Largest gold sell-off since the 1998 crisis

The scale of the current reduction is exceptional by Russian historical standards.

According to International Monetary Fund data cited in reporting on the latest figures, the only more rapid depletion of Russian gold reserves in the country’s modern history occurred during the 1998 financial crisis.

At that time, Russia’s central bank disposed of approximately 118 tonnes of gold over three months as the government defaulted on domestic debt and the rouble collapsed.

Some of those holdings were subsequently replenished, leaving the country’s gold reserves approximately 50 tonnes lower at the end of 1998.

The reduction recorded during 2026 has already exceeded that annual net decline, although Russia’s present financial position differs substantially from the circumstances surrounding the 1998 default.

The monetary value of Russia’s remaining gold reserves stood at approximately $301.6 billion at the end of September, compared with $333.5 billion a month earlier. The change reflects movements in gold prices as well as the reduction in physical holdings.

Budget deficit reaches 7.3 trillion roubles

The sales come as the Russian government struggles to contain expenditure associated with its continuing military campaign against Ukraine.

Moscow now expects its federal budget deficit to reach 7.3 trillion roubles, approximately $87 billion, in 2026. That represents 3.2 per cent of gross domestic product, twice the deficit originally anticipated.

Military and security expenditure is expected to account for approximately 38 per cent of total federal spending this year.

The government has increasingly relied on its National Wealth Fund, established to accumulate surplus energy revenues, to cover budget shortfalls.

The central bank’s gold transactions are linked to operations involving the fund. Under this mechanism, the Bank of Russia conducts corresponding market sales following Finance Ministry transactions using the fund’s assets.

Figures published by Russia’s Finance Ministry earlier this month showed that the National Wealth Fund’s liquid assets had fallen to approximately 3.8 trillion roubles, equivalent to $45 billion, as of 1 October. This was down from approximately 4 trillion roubles a month earlier.

The fund’s total assets remained substantially larger, at almost 13 trillion roubles, but much of that amount is invested in shares, bonds and other holdings that cannot immediately be converted into funds for government expenditure.

War expenditure puts pressure on Kremlin finances

Russia’s fiscal problems have been compounded by weaker oil and gas revenues, a slowdown in economic activity and the increasing cost of sustaining military operations.

Although energy exports continue to generate substantial income, government revenue has failed to keep pace with spending commitments.

Moscow has consequently increased domestic borrowing, introduced additional taxes and sought alternative sources of budget financing.

The latest gold figures provide further evidence of the financial demands imposed by the war, now approaching its fifth anniversary.

They do not indicate that Russia is approaching an immediate financial collapse. The country still holds considerable gold and foreign exchange reserves, with the central bank reporting total international reserves of approximately $731.8 billion at the end of September, although access to part of its overseas assets remains restricted by Western sanctions.

Nevertheless, the continued liquidation of gold holdings reduces the reserve assets available to the Russian authorities at a time when military spending remains elevated and the government faces pressure to meet its domestic financial commitments.

For President Vladimir Putin, the growing budget deficit introduces an additional economic consideration into decisions over the duration of the war.

The September figures show that Moscow is increasingly drawing on assets accumulated before the invasion to support current expenditure, while its capacity to rebuild those reserves remains dependent on future revenues and the government’s ability to restrain spending.

Republicans push back on Donald Trump’s wavering support for Ukraine

20 October 2026 at 18:32

GOP lawmakers threaten to pull support for president’s agenda after Russia diesel deal and sanctions pause

A handful of Republicans have spoken out against Donald Trump’s softening stance on Russia, threatening to pull financial support for his agenda over his “embarrassing” handling of the Ukraine war.

Don Bacon, an outgoing congressman in Nebraska, condemned Trump’s actions – which include a stunning agreement to buy Russian diesel and the pausing of sanctions on Moscow – as “absolutely disgraceful” and accused the US president of cozying up to a “war criminal” in Vladimir Putin, his Russian counterpart.

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© Photograph: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

© Photograph: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Ni l’Est, ni l’Ouest : la « troisième voie » de la Russie

By: A A
20 October 2026 at 15:33

par Guan Jianbin

La réunion annuelle du Club de discussion de Valdai constitue depuis longtemps une tribune importante permettant au président russe Vladimir Poutine d’expliquer la logique qui sous-tend la politique étrangère de la Russie et de faire connaître les intentions stratégiques du pays. Le «discours de Valdai» de cette année s’est révélé moins passionné et plus mesuré, alliant un récit historique de grande envergure à des limites stratégiques clairement définies.

En lisant entre les lignes des remarques soigneusement calibrées de Poutine, on peut discerner son évaluation stratégique de l’avenir des relations de la Russie avec l’Occident et de l’évolution de l’ordre géopolitique mondial — un équilibre entre la dissuasion par la force et une ambiguïté diplomatique délibérée.

Depuis la création du Club de discussion de Valdai en 2004, Poutine y a participé presque chaque année, que ce soit pour prononcer un discours, assister à un déjeuner, prendre part à une séance de questions-réponses ou participer à des tables rondes. Ses interventions sont devenues une tradition importante de la diplomatie russe et une fenêtre essentielle permettant au monde extérieur de mieux cerner sa pensée stratégique. Un examen des différents «discours de Valdai» prononcés par Poutine révèle l’évolution de la stratégie de politique étrangère de la Russie sur plus de deux décennies, retrace les contours changeants de son analyse des affaires étrangères et met en lumière la trajectoire de l’évolution de sa perception de «l’Occident».

De «l’Occident unique» aux «deux Occidents»

L’un des messages importants véhiculés par le discours de Poutine en 2026 a été la définition d’une ligne rouge claire face à la volonté de l’Occident de parvenir à la «défaite stratégique» de la Russie. Il a averti que la poursuite d’une telle défaite serait extrêmement dangereuse et pourrait faire basculer le conflit russo-ukrainien dans une phase encore plus brutale et incontrôlable. Il ne s’agissait pas simplement d’une intimidation verbale ; cela représentait la ligne rouge que Poutine a fixée pour la survie du pays.

Selon la logique des dirigeants russes, l’usure sur le champ de bataille, les sanctions prolongées et la pression géopolitique sont des coûts qu’une grande puissance peut supporter dans un affrontement stratégique. Mais la «défaite stratégique» — c’est-à-dire un changement de régime, la désintégration de l’État ou la perte de la position géopolitique de la Russie — constitue une ligne rouge intangible. En tant que puissance nucléaire, une fois que la Russie sera acculée, il n’y aura plus aucune marge de manœuvre pour faire reculer une nouvelle escalade. La position exprimée par Poutine était claire : la Russie peut accepter une impasse prolongée et supporter les sanctions et l’endiguement occidentaux, mais elle n’acceptera jamais d’être vaincue de manière totale ni contrainte à la soumission. Si l’Occident insiste pour franchir cette ligne rouge, il portera la responsabilité de toutes les conséquences catastrophiques qui s’ensuivront.

Le recours continu de Poutine au concept des «deux Occidents», qu’il avait pour la première fois mis en avant en 2022, revêt une importance particulière : il distingue les forces de l’élite néolibérale, qui poursuivent une nouvelle forme de colonialisme, de la sphère civilisationnelle occidentale traditionnelle. Lors de la réunion de Valdai en 2022, il avait affirmé qu’«il existe au moins deux Occidents différents : l’un est traditionnel, doté d’un patrimoine culturel très riche ; l’autre est agressif et néocolonial». En réitérant cette distinction, Poutine a cherché à préciser que la Russie n’est pas en guerre contre la civilisation occidentale dans son ensemble. Son opposition vise plutôt les forces qui mènent des politiques d’endiguement, d’encerclement et de coercition hégémonique. De cette manière, Moscou tente de se créer un espace diplomatique et de préserver une marge de manœuvre stratégique.

Cette déclaration visait également à contester le discours, cultivé en Occident depuis de nombreuses années, selon lequel la Russie serait «en guerre contre le monde entier». La Russie identifie soigneusement ses adversaires et limite sa confrontation aux forces hégémoniques occidentales qui prônent l’unilatéralisme et le monopole géopolitique — et non aux citoyens occidentaux ordinaires. D’une part, cette stratégie vise à diviser le camp occidental et à affaiblir le consensus interne contre la Russie. D’autre part, elle laisse la porte ouverte à un futur dialogue entre la Russie et l’Europe ainsi qu’à un éventuel apaisement des tensions russo-américaines, offrant ainsi à Moscou une plus grande souplesse dans ses calculs diplomatiques.

De «l’intégration à l’Occident» à «l’équilibre face à l’Occident»

Un examen des discours successifs de Poutine à Valdai montre clairement que, durant les premières années de son règne, la Russie a activement envoyé des signaux de coopération aux États-Unis et à l’Europe et cherché à s’intégrer au système occidental. Elle n’a pas reçu la réponse qu’elle attendait. Au contraire, elle a été confrontée à des pressions géopolitiques persistantes, à des confrontations militaires, à des sanctions économiques et à ce qu’elle percevait comme une infiltration idéologique. À mesure que les attentes russes restaient les unes après les autres insatisfaites, sa perception de l’Occident a évolué, passant de l’espoir et de la confiance à la déception, puis finalement vers un équilibre stratégique et la confrontation.

De 2004 à 2012, Poutine a accepté l’ordre international existant et a activement recherché la coopération avec l’Occident, tout en défendant la souveraineté de la Russie et son statut de grande puissance. Il s’est opposé à l’élargissement de l’OTAN, à l’ingérence de forces extérieures dans les affaires intérieures de la Russie et à la propagation des «révolutions de couleur». Il a présenté la Russie comme une puissance eurasienne, soulignant qu’elle ne souhaitait ni dépendre de l’Occident ni s’y opposer. Il cherchait plutôt à établir une relation de partenariat entre égaux, fondée sur le respect mutuel.

Dans le même temps, Poutine a insisté sur le fait que l’Europe de l’Est et les anciennes républiques soviétiques constituaient la sphère d’intérêts principale de la Russie. Il a averti que l’élargissement effréné de l’OTAN vers l’Est saperait l’architecture de sécurité européenne, a critiqué l’unilatéralisme et les deux poids deux mesures, et a remis en question la légitimité d’un système de règles dominé par l’Occident. Pour autant, la Russie n’avait nullement l’intention de servir de fer de lance à un mouvement «anti-occidental». Poutine a présenté des propositions visant à créer un espace européen commun et à développer un partenariat modernisé avec l’Occident.

De 2013 à 2017, dans un contexte de troubles en Ukraine et d’annexion de la Crimée par la Russie, l’opposition de Moscou à l’élargissement de l’OTAN est passée de la dénonciation verbale à la confrontation géopolitique. Lors du Forum de Valdai de 2013, Poutine a attribué le désordre des affaires internationales à l’arrogance institutionnelle des vainqueurs de la Guerre froide et a critiqué ce qu’il a qualifié de déclin moral de certains pays occidentaux. Dans son discours de 2016, il a réaffirmé que la Russie n’avait aucune intention de rivaliser pour l’hégémonie mondiale et a appelé à une sécurité égale et indivisible pour tous les pays. En 2017, Poutine a tiré les leçons des relations entre la Russie et l’Occident, affirmant que la plus grande erreur de la Russie avait été sa «confiance excessive» envers l’Occident, qui avait interprété cette confiance comme une faiblesse et en avait tiré parti.

De 2018 à 2021, l’ordre du jour du Forum de Valdai s’est élargi, passant du «désordre de l’Occident» à la «montée de l’Orient» et à la «transformation mondiale». Il ne s’agissait pas simplement d’un déplacement du centre de gravité géographique du monde. Cela reflétait également la tendance croissante de la Russie à considérer l’Orient comme un centre de pouvoir et un point de référence civilisationnel, tout en affirmant son identité en tant que civilisation indépendante.

À mesure que les contradictions entre la Russie et l’Occident s’intensifiaient, le ton des discours de Poutine est passé de la «recherche de la coopération» à la «reconnaissance de la confrontation et à l’établissement de lignes rouges». En 2021, il a fait valoir qu’après la fin de la Guerre froide, certains pays avaient tenté d’exclure complètement la Russie, alors même que sa puissance nationale globale n’avait pas décliné. La Russie ne se contentait plus d’accepter passivement les arrangements imposés par l’ordre international ; elle souhaitait participer à l’élaboration des règles. Poutine a déclaré sans détour que le monde unipolaire dominé par l’Occident avait pris fin, et que des notions telles que les «valeurs universelles» et un «ordre fondé sur des règles» étaient des instruments d’hégémonie. Il a proposé un «système eurasien de sécurité égalitaire et indivisible» et a souligné que la Russie ne se faisait plus d’illusions quant à son intégration à l’Occident.

Le thème de la réunion annuelle de Valdai de 2022 était «Un monde post-hégémonique : justice et sécurité pour tous». Poutine a déclaré que l’humanité traversait la décennie la plus dangereuse, la plus imprévisible et la plus lourde de conséquences depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et que le monde se trouvait à un tournant historique, dans la transition d’un ordre à un autre. Il a dénoncé l’«ordre fondé sur des règles» comme un prolongement de la pensée coloniale, arguant que l’Occident lui-même était une entité complexe et diversifiée en son sein et que le système néolibéral était entré dans une crise théorique et systémique profonde. Dans le même temps, il a réaffirmé que la Russie ne remettait pas en cause la civilisation occidentale légitime et ne cherchait pas la confrontation avec l’Occident pour elle-même. Toutes les actions de la Russie, a-t-il soutenu, étaient motivées par la nécessité de défendre son droit à la survie et au développement.

De 2023 à 2024, Poutine a déclaré que la Russie avait définitivement rompu avec sa dépendance vis-à-vis de l’Europe, accéléré son recentrage vers l’Est, reconstruit des chaînes d’approvisionnement industrielles autonomes et élargi son réseau géopolitique de partenaires. Selon l’évaluation de Moscou, la puissance globale de l’Europe était en déclin et son autonomie stratégique restait insuffisante. La Russie devait donc se tourner de plus en plus vers des plateformes de coopération émergentes telles que les BRICS et l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai.

En 2023, puis à nouveau en 2024, Poutine a systématiquement exposé six principes régissant le nouveau type de relations internationales prôné par la Russie : la coopération ouverte ; la diversité des civilisations ; une large représentation dans la gouvernance mondiale ; une sécurité égale pour tous ; l’équité et la justice internationales ; et le respect du droit de chaque pays à choisir sa propre voie de développement. Il a également fait valoir que les sanctions, l’isolement et l’endiguement ne pourraient pas freiner le développement de la Russie et que les instruments traditionnels de l’hégémonie occidentale perdaient progressivement de leur efficacité.

Lors de la réunion de 2025, le ton de Poutine est devenu plus rationnel et plus modéré, mettant davantage l’accent sur la gestion des risques et la désescalade. Il a déclaré que la normalisation des relations entre les États-Unis et la Russie servirait les intérêts nationaux de cette dernière et que Moscou n’avait pas complètement fermé la porte au dialogue. Dans le même temps, il a averti que les livraisons européennes de missiles à longue portée à l’Ukraine ne feraient qu’accroître les risques d’escalade et ne changeraient en rien la situation sur le champ de bataille. Il a appelé l’Europe à renoncer à la confrontation entre blocs et à rétablir un équilibre sécuritaire sur l’ensemble du continent eurasien.

De «se tourner vers l’Ouest» à «se tourner vers l’Est»

Dans l’ordre international, l’Orient s’oppose à l’Occident. Depuis des siècles, la Russie est engagée dans un débat de longue haleine sur son identité civilisationnelle : est-elle occidentale ou orientale ? La Russie occupe une position géopolitique et civilisationnelle particulière. Du point de vue occidental, elle appartient à l’Orient ; du point de vue oriental, elle appartient à l’Occident. Pendant la majeure partie de son histoire, elle a oscillé entre ces deux sphères civilisationnelles.

Comme l’a écrit Surkov, ancien conseiller principal de Poutine et penseur conservateur, dans Les cent ans de solitude de la Russie :

«La Russie a passé quatre siècles à se diriger vers l’Est et quatre siècles à se diriger vers l’Ouest. Elle n’a jamais pris racine ni à l’Est ni à l’Ouest. Ces deux voies ont désormais été parcourues. La Russie doit explorer une troisième voie, une troisième civilisation, un troisième monde, une troisième Rome…»

L’attirance de la Russie pour l’Occident a constitué un projet identitaire poursuivi à travers les générations successives. L’intégration à l’Occident fut autrefois une aspiration historique chère aux Russes. Des efforts de Pierre le Grand pour «apprendre de l’Europe occidentale» aux premières tentatives de Poutine pour «se rapprocher de l’Occident», l’occidentalisation est restée un fil conducteur central du développement de la Russie. Pourtant, l’histoire a montré à maintes reprises qu’un ralliement total à l’Occident a peu de chances d’aboutir à une véritable égalité ou acceptation. À l’époque d’Eltsine, la Russie a adopté les modèles occidentaux presque dans leur intégralité, pour finalement voir son espace géopolitique progressivement restreint par l’expansion continue de l’OTAN vers l’Est.

Au cours de son premier mandat présidentiel, Poutine considérait la Russie comme faisant partie de la civilisation européenne et avait fait de «l’intégration à l’Occident» une priorité de sa politique étrangère. Il a toutefois systématiquement rejeté l’idée de remodeler le système politique russe selon les normes occidentales. Les attentes diplomatiques ayant été déçues à maintes reprises, la perception que la Russie avait de l’Occident est devenue de plus en plus négative.

Lors du Forum de Valdai de cette année, on a demandé à Poutine si l’Union européenne devait être démantelée. Sur un ton taquin, il a répondu : «Ce n’est pas nécessaire. Elle s’effondrera d’elle-même». Cette remarque reflétait l’analyse russe selon laquelle les difficultés actuelles de l’Occident n’étaient pas simplement des crises locales ou temporaires, mais la preuve d’un déclin systémique au niveau institutionnel. L’angle d’analyse de Moscou s’est élargi, passant du «déclin de la puissance américaine» au «déclin du camp occidental dans son ensemble».

Depuis le déclenchement de la crise ukrainienne, les relations entre la Russie et l’Occident sont plongées dans une atmosphère de «nouvelle guerre froide». Les deux parties se considèrent de plus en plus comme des menaces pour leur sécurité, tandis que leurs liens économiques traditionnels continuent de s’affaiblir. La Russie en est venue à reconnaître que la possibilité réaliste de s’intégrer à l’Occident a pratiquement disparu. Des termes tels que «non-occidental» et «post-occidental» ont par conséquent pris une place de plus en plus importante dans le vocabulaire politique russe.

Aujourd’hui, une réorientation stratégique globale est devenue une caractéristique déterminante de la politique étrangère russe. Dans un contexte de tensions persistantes dans les relations de la Russie avec les États-Unis et l’Europe, Moscou développe vigoureusement sa coopération avec la région Asie-Pacifique et les pays émergents. Concrètement, elle a choisi de se tourner vers l’Est après s’être heurtée à des obstacles en Occident, dans l’espoir de parvenir à un résultat diplomatique où «lorsque l’Occident n’offre pas de lumière, l’Orient le fait».

Cependant, même si le centre de gravité stratégique de la Russie se déplace vers l’Est, l’Occident reste une question que Moscou ne peut éviter. Se tourner vers l’Est ne signifie pas abandonner complètement l’Occident. Les liens géopolitiques, énergétiques et historiques entre la Russie et l’Europe continuent d’exister en tant que réalités objectives.

Les discours successifs de Poutine à Valdai donnent un aperçu de l’incertitude et des questionnements de longue date du pays quant à son identité nationale. De la «recherche d’une intégration avec l’Occident» à «l’équilibre stratégique face à l’Occident», et du «non-occidental» au «post-occidental», la quête d’identité du pays entre l’Orient et l’Occident continuera d’influencer l’évolution de l’ordre mondial.

Dans les années à venir, la stratégie hybride de la Russie en matière de politique étrangère — alliant dissuasion vis-à-vis de l’Occident et expansion vers l’Est — ainsi que sa diplomatie flexible orientée simultanément dans ces deux directions, continueront de façonner les arrangements de sécurité eurasiens et l’avènement d’un monde davantage multipolaire.

Publié à l’origine par China Beyond the Wall.
Traduction:
Reseau International

Rubio’s Intervention Exposes the Limits of Trump’s Russia Policy

20 October 2026 at 11:12

Zelenskyy’s urgent discussion with the US Secretary of State suggests that Washington cannot pursue accommodation with Moscow without confronting opposition in Congress, the requirements of American national security and Ukraine’s continuing dependence on US military support.

The telephone conversation between Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Tuesday, 20 October, has exposed an increasingly uncomfortable contradiction in American policy towards Russia. While President Donald Trump is easing economic pressure on Moscow and attempting to restrain Ukrainian attacks on Russian energy infrastructure, senior members of his administration are having to address the consequences for Ukraine’s defence.

Zelenskyy raised three immediate concerns: the availability of Patriot interceptor missiles, interruptions to American early-warning intelligence concerning Russian ballistic attacks, and restrictions affecting Starlink and Starshield satellite communications. He described the discussion as constructive, expressing appreciation for Rubio’s willingness to help.

The significance lies less in the diplomatic language than in the circumstances surrounding the call. Washington is attempting to obtain concessions from Moscow while several of its own decisions have weakened confidence in the security arrangements on which Kyiv depends. Rubio’s involvement suggests that these difficulties cannot simply be left unresolved while Trump’s envoys pursue another round of negotiations.

The political cost of concessions to Moscow

Trump’s recent decisions concerning Russian energy exports have brought an existing disagreement over Ukraine into American domestic politics.

The administration has facilitated Russian diesel exports and waived new sanctions under the Graham Act, legislation intended to increase pressure on Russia and its principal energy customers. Rubio has said the president will use a 60-day period to assess the economic consequences of implementing the measures.

For Trump, the immediate attraction is apparent. Rising fuel prices have become a political liability ahead of the 3 November congressional midterm elections. Increasing supplies on international markets offers the administration a potential means of relieving pressure on American consumers.

The difficulty is that concessions to Vladimir Putin carry their own electoral consequences. Moscow remains deeply unpopular among substantial sections of the American political establishment, including Republicans who regard support for Ukraine as a matter of American strategic interest.

That opposition is no longer confined to public criticism. Republican senators have joined Democrats in challenging decisions affecting Ukraine’s military capabilities, creating an additional problem for an administration already facing a difficult electoral environment.

Trump can justify Russian energy concessions as an attempt to protect American consumers. Explaining why Ukraine should simultaneously experience interruptions to critical defence systems is considerably more difficult.

Rubio and the machinery of American foreign policy

Rubio’s position within the administration is particularly important. As both Secretary of State and National Security Adviser, he occupies two offices central to the formulation and execution of American foreign policy.

His conversation with Zelenskyy took place during a diplomatic tour of Uzbekistan and India, demonstrating that the deterioration in relations with Kyiv required attention even while the administration was pursuing other international priorities.

It would be premature to interpret Rubio’s intervention as evidence of an independent foreign policy. There is no indication that he is acting against Trump’s instructions. The more plausible interpretation is that the administration recognises a need to contain the consequences of its recent decisions without requiring the president publicly to reverse his position.

The controversy surrounding Starshield is particularly revealing. Reuters reported that instructions to restrict the satellite service used by Ukrainian forces originated inside the White House. The officials cited did not identify who authorised the order, while the administration has denied Trump’s personal involvement.

Separately, Zelenskyy has reported failures to receive advance warnings of Russian ballistic attacks. The cause of those interruptions remains disputed.

These developments have already attracted congressional scrutiny. Republican Senator Thom Tillis and Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen led a bipartisan request for an investigation, warning that failures in communications and intelligence-sharing may have endangered American personnel in Ukraine.

Congress cannot directly manage the administration’s foreign policy. Nevertheless, its powers over expenditure, legislation and oversight make sustained opposition politically consequential, particularly when members of the president’s own party are involved.

Ukraine needs military assistance, not diplomatic promises

The immediate requirements in Kyiv are considerably more specific than the objectives being discussed in Washington’s diplomatic negotiations.

Ukraine needs reliable satellite communications, uninterrupted intelligence concerning incoming missiles and sufficient Patriot interceptors to defend its cities and critical infrastructure. Delays in any of these areas have consequences that cannot be addressed through declarations about a future peace settlement.

The shortage of Patriot missiles is particularly serious. Zelenskyy has complained that American authorisation is delaying deliveries under arrangements financed by European governments. Washington’s commitments elsewhere, including the Middle East, add further pressure to American air-defence inventories.

Meanwhile, preparations for new negotiations in Oslo involving American envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner continue. The involvement of European leaders may broaden the diplomatic discussion, but it does not resolve the central obstacle: Putin has offered no convincing indication that he is prepared to end the invasion on terms acceptable to Ukraine.

Proposals concerning Ukrainian elections, NATO membership or alternative negotiating arrangements remain subordinate to that problem. Without a ceasefire that can be enforced, even an agreement on the political framework for peace would leave fundamental questions of security unanswered.

The limits of presidential power

Trump retains substantial authority over American sanctions, military assistance and diplomatic engagement. Yet his ability to offer Moscow meaningful concessions is constrained by several factors beyond his immediate control.

Congress can challenge further attempts to weaken sanctions or restrict assistance. European governments maintain their own sanctions regimes and are not obliged to follow Washington’s approach. Ukraine retains considerable military capacity, including the ability to attack Russian energy facilities that contribute to financing the war.

Nor can the American president compel Putin to accept a settlement. If Russia calculates that continuing military operations offers greater advantages than negotiations, additional concessions from Washington may encourage Moscow to prolong the conflict rather than end it.

Rubio’s conversation with Zelenskyy therefore suggests that the administration is being forced to confront the practical consequences of its policy. An American president may seek improved relations with Moscow, but the institutional interests of the United States do not necessarily change with his personal diplomatic priorities.

For Kyiv, the question is whether those interests will translate into the continued supply of weapons, intelligence and communications support. Russia’s attacks will continue irrespective of the timetable established for American diplomatic initiatives.

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